Technical reference
Power quality problems, explained in plain numbers.
Why your power factor is being penalised, why the capacitor bank is running hot, what THD actually measures, and how much compensation you need. Written for the engineer who has to justify the purchase order.
Start with the symptom
Most buyers arrive with one of these sixThe utility added a power factor charge
How the penalty is calculated, which threshold applies, and what it costs per month at 0.80 versus 0.95.
FailureCapacitors keep failing or running hot
Harmonic resonance, insufficient detuning, and why replacing the capacitor does not fix it.
DistortionTHD is above the limit
Where harmonics come from, how they add up, and which mitigation method fits which load.
NeutralThe neutral conductor is overheating
Triplen harmonics add in the neutral instead of cancelling. Why 3rd harmonic is the usual culprit.
LoadsVFDs are polluting the network
Characteristic orders, typical distortion by rectifier type, and what a reactor actually buys you.
ComplianceA consultant cited IEEE 519
The current and voltage tables, what TDD means, and where the point of common coupling sits.
Calculators
Numbers first, equipment secondHow to use this site
Every page here answers one question in the first two paragraphs, then shows the arithmetic behind it. No lead forms before the answer, no gated PDFs.
Equipment recommendations are deliberately kept out of the explanations. Whether you end up with an active filter, a detuned capacitor bank, or a hybrid arrangement depends on load profile and budget, and that conversation belongs after the numbers are on the table.